Difficulties faced by Pakistan at the time of its Independence.

In 1947 when Pakistan came to existence it started to face problem from day 1. Alliance of British
and India increases difficulties for newly made Pakistan. Nehru thought Pakistan will not be able to
stand on its feet for long but Pakistanis proved him wrong.

Administrative Problems:

Pakistan faced its first problem an administrative capital was to be chosen to establish a
government. Karachi was then selected as capital. Pakistan built it’s administration from scratch and
due to lack of officers and staff in Pakistan itself, these people were brought from cities like Delhi.
As there was no such already built infrastructure for administrative works, so interim offices were setup in public buildings and barracks as they had to kick start from somewhere. There were no
proper buildings and machines so officials face many difficulty in working. There were some
political issues between political people so Quaid e azam resolved that issue.

Riots & Refugees:

The worst kind of violence was seen in Punjab when it was divided. As half of the population there
was of Sikhs, so Hindus leaders influenced them against Muslims. As a result many Muslims were
killed there especially the poor ones. Muslim women were raped and infants killed. Approximately
6,600,000 Muslims migrated to Pakistan and 5,500,000 Hindus & Sikhs migrated to India.
Managing the migrants coming to Pakistan, like settling them, was a big problem. So camps were
setup near border to accommodate them temporarily. Also around 500,000 Muslims were abducted or
killed during migration.

Division of military assets:

When it came to dividing the military assets of subcontinent, India acted in quite an unfair manner.
For example India refused to send over military assets to Pakistan and only 47 ton of military assets
were sent instead of 165000 tons (which was agreed to be handed over to Pakistan). And out of 2
planes only one plane for air force was given to Pakistan. As most of the gun factories were in Indian territory, it was initially agreed that 100 trains (60000 ton of ammunition) will be sent to
Pakistan but Pakistan only received 3 trains which were amusingly filled with rocks and bricks.
Because all of this out armed forces faced a lot of problems.

Territorial Dispute:

As the boundary was distributed unfairly and Radcliffe award proved to be treacherous, some areas
like Gurdaspur, Ferozpur, Jullandar and Kashmir were included inside Indian boundary, even
thought they had Muslim in majority in those areas. India claimed that maharaja of Kashmir agreed
to join with India. As a result another big massacre occurred. another big massacre occured as a
tribal movement sparked against Indian forces in Kashmir. And the headworks of two main rivers
Sutlej and Ravi were in India at Ferozpur and Madopur respectively.

Division of Assets:

Pakistan demanded 20 percent of Total capital but after discussion they agreed to give 17.5 percent to
Pakistan which is approx. 750 million . Till date Pakistan received 200 million rupees from India.
because Nehru said that Pakistan will use this money against India in war.

Water Dispute:

Indus water dispute was a major dispute because Pakistan major economy based on agriculture and
head work which was Ferozpur headwork’s control Ravi River was in control of India. They stopped
water and because of it Pakistan face shortage of water. This issue was resolved in 1960 through indus
water treaty according to it Ravi, Satlaj, Bias were given to india and Indus, Jahlum, Chanab were
given to Pakistan. But India didn’t follow the treaty violate it.

Other Issues:

Only 34 industries were given to Pakistan out of 961 which is quite low number. Only 69 branches of
banks were working in Pakistan out of 487 which was a major set back too. Princely states like
Junagarh, Mangrol, Manawar decide to join Pakistan but india forcefully took control on them. There
were electricity problems. Quaid declare Urdu as official language and it also causes issue in the state.