Before going to different type price discrimination we should know what is differentiated pricing. It can be defined as different pricing for the same product or service at different situations. It is a strategy which is now used by different firms and organizations to maximum profit margin from different situations.
Customer segment:
It can be explained in this way that pricing is set according customer category some times organization portray as discounted prices for that particular customer segment. An example could be seen when national carrier like planes and trains of any country give special pricing to students, senior citizens. Multiple times we have seen different prices of same product according to age of a person like cheap tickets for people below 12 years and normal ticket price for above 12 years and different price for senior citizens.
Product form:
It can be understood in a way that different prices are set for different variants of the same products. For example, we see this sort practice in perfumes like the same perfume have different prices because of the volume or you can say the quantity they are giving, same goes in soda industry like 1.5 litter drink has different price like 100 rupees and the same drink but 2.5 liters will cost you 200 rupees.
Channel of Distribution:
We can see this type of price differentiation in a way that same product will cost you different because of different channel of distribution. Like you are buying any product like clothes of any brand it will cost you different if you buy it from factory outlet of that brand and cost will be different if you are buying from any other outlet which is not owned buy that brand. Some times online prices are different from retail store prices. Price depend on the channel of distribution if there are multiple middle persons like wholesaler, agents so they will keep their profit so ultimately you see the difference in price if you compare the price with factory outlet where there is no middle person.
Location:
Same product has different prices at different locations for example if we have dinner at a restaurant in main city like Tariq road for example we consider Gaffar kabab and we had the same meal from Ghaffar kabab but in port grand so it will cost you totally different it will be more expensive in port grand area.
Time:
Same product will cost you different at different time for example if you are apparel manufacturer you will set prices according to season for suppose in winters you will charge high prices velvet dresses and when winter season will end so the same product made up of velvet will be cheaper as compare to previous season rates. Another most common situation is limited time deals like brands special discounts on different product for limited time so the price totally depends on time at that situation.
Image Pricing:
Price are different for the same kind of product on the bases of an image. For example, you see two sports wear or active wear both are totally same in term of fabric and every thing which included in product but prices will be different if one belongs to local company and another belongs to a known brand like Nike. In this case Nike product will be expensive although both products are same but because brand image Nike will cost you more.
Material culture can be defined as tangible objects produced and used by man to satisfy his needs and wants. Material element chart have three main branches, that are economic infrastructure, social infrastructure and financial and marketing infrastructure. These 3 branches contain different elements. As a business man if am going to operate in a country I have to look after these elements so that things go smooth according my plan.
If we talk about Economic infrastructure the firs thing which come in line is transportation system, for suppose if I have multiple outlets in different cities and I have to deliver my products so I need different transportation help for my work. I will have to see whether its good or not how long it will take deliver my products, infrastructure of roads are good enough or not. If my self wants to travel or I want to send my labors to other cities what could be the best transportation system I can use. Then comes communication, it is one the most important factor nowadays because we have to transfer our data on daily basis for that we will check internet connectivity in area, in short, we have to confirm that we should have best communication channels so that all of our team stay connected. Things required for good communication that are internet, telephone lines, cellular networks etc. Energy is the most important factor because am running a firm which requires a lot of energy so it is compulsory for me to have a best connection, I also have look for the zones where I can get electricity in lower prices because if my expanses increases my profit will decrease. I will look for the area where I can easily get all sort of energies like gas, electricity etc.
If we talk about social infrastructure so housing comes first in our mind. If I have many employees from different cities so I have to give housing service to them so they don’t have to travel every day and its not possible for them too. I also have to look for a good housing society to live in that country so it is basic need for me, my business and for my employees. Education is also important element because for my business I need white collar people, highly educated and skilled people so that I can prosper. Education is the most important factor for my brand. Health infrastructure should be good for suppose as a business I have to give health insurance to all of my staff so it should be up to mark. If any of us go through unseen event and required medical help so it is very important to have good health infrastructure for the safety of everyone. In the end if we talk about Financial and marketing infrastructure banks facilities are very important. I want loan for my business so it is very important to have good banking system. As we can take example of PayPal why they are not operating in Pakistan the major reason is poor banking system. Nowadays banking system is one the most important element which all business use. Everyone is almost bank user and we will look to best banking infrastructure. We will also be in need of research firm for suppose we going to launch our new product so before launching we need proper research and insights about the market. A business cant prosper if he is not doing proper research For any business research and surveys are very important and if we don’t have good research firm in surroundings so it will bring negative impact to business.
If we talk about transnational organizations, we can say all transnational organizations are multinational organizations but all multinational organizations are not transnational organizations. Every thing has its own advantages and disadvantages and transnational organization also have some pros and cons. Globalization is the major reason for transnational organizations to exist in world because it made too easy the movement of money, people and material across the globe. If we talk about that is it true that transnational organization are crystal of growth. So according to facts it is to prove my point I would like to narrate few examples. Transnational organizations become the reason to lower down the unemployment because they usually create job opportunities for locals which help them increasing their standards of life. They bring their culture to other parts of globe so people can enjoy diversity because its not possible for everyone to travel across the globe. They also help in improving education and skills of people. They become the reason to explore natural resources and use for the benefits of people. They bring investments to the country they are going to operate in. They do business and support the economy of that country. They earn revenue and give taxes to the government. They bring quality of products and bring competition in market so that everyone tries to do their best to gain more market share and because of this locals get best products and services. They can become the reason to weaken the monopoly of different firms. There are many more benefits of having transnational companies in world. When there are advantages there are disadvantages too of having transnational firms. Few examples are that because of them local industry get negative impacts, they bring so much competition that sometimes locals cant compete and they get out of the race lose their market share to these transnational firms which can be the reason of unemployment for the workers working in that firm, TNC tries to exploit natural resources more than they are allowed by the states, they have lots of money so they tie up with corrupted government official and create monopoly just and because of this there is negative impact on local industry and people, profit earned from the local market are sent overseas rather than spent on locals. I personally believe that Transnational organizations are crystal of growth if they are monitored with proper rules and regulation because in that case there are less chances of negativity. As I said before everything has its own pros and cons so transnational organizations have their own advantages and dis advantages. It doesn’t mean that they are too bad for the locals but if proper laws and regulations are taken into consideration so these disadvantages can be reducing and then TNCs will beneficial for the states.
Before going to main topic, we should know what does power means. Power is basically the social influence, to make it easy we can understand in this way that there are two people from whom one person has a influence or control over other due to any reason and he will be able to change that persons believes, mind sets and actions. These two following powers we are going to discuss are identified by psychologists John R. P. French and Bertram Raven in 1959.
Now moving towards to expert power, it could be defined in a way that expert power results from the follower’s faith that the leader, or expert, has some superior insight or information about what action is best under the particular situation. Or we can take that in this way that a subordinate telling to his colleague about his new task which his manager assigned him by saying my manager has lot of experience about these conditions and have quite good insights so he is probably right even though I don’t really understand the logic and reason behind this. If break his sentence so we got know that he strictly believes that what his manager is saying or telling him to do is perfectly good because has an extra edge on this situation. For example, If apple or any big firm gets into some legal issues they will listen to their appointed lawyers because board members know he know more than any one else in firm and he is the one will lead from the from front and will resolve this issue for the firm. If we take an example from general point of view for suppose we are going to a new city for business or just for vacation and by chance our google map is not working so know we will ask a person who lives in that city has more knowledge than us, so in that case that person has an expert power. To make one thing clearer it is not necessary that person should be your supervisor it can be any one who is expert in that particular field or context in which we are surrounded by. It is quite possible that follower may not understand the details or reasons but they will follow the advice because they know that he or she who is giving advice knows better and he is perfect in that area. If any leader wants to create an expert power so it is very important that work hard in their field of interest to be more expert and they should know how to communicate their expert advice to others to have the influence on followers. The advantage if any group member or anyone has this power, he becomes the main player of the group because will follow his or her instruction even if he is the boss or not. In short trust factor develops. This will lead to many promotions in side organization, your reputation starts getting better. It’s very hard to maintain this power for that you have to work constantly and if any things go wrong all finger will on that person.
Referent power can be defined as that it has its basis in identification, a feeling of oneness a follower has for a leader. The follower feels a sense of identification or a desire for that oneness. To short it down in this follower like the leader and they want to become like their leader. Like if we take an example young entrepreneur he wants to be like his or her model for example he wants to become like Owner of Alibaba, Jack Maa or Bill gates or any one he follows. In this scenario that follower will follow his sayings and will follow his footsteps to be in the same position right know that person in who contains the referent power. There was an employee working in a firm he says I really admire my manager or boss and wish to be like him one day. To make it clearer from my examples that this power is not limited to any position it can be any one who inspires others. In this scenario we love to have closed association with the person who have this power. The stronger the identification the more powerful the influence. For example, if I take example of my own brother, he wants to be like Jeff Bozos so he follows him through different social media, he follows his tips and guidelines. The follower’s motivation is intrinsic which means the motivation will automatically drive from inside. Follower get some sort of personal satisfaction when he follows that person. It is not necessary that leader may know or aware of this referent influence.
Case Study: Inequality, Poverty and Wealth A study reported in 2001 discovered that relatively poor people give more generously to charity than those with greater wealth. The project, entitled “The Widow’s Might: How Charities Depend on the Poor”, was conducted by Beth Egan of the Social Market Foundation, who examined the contributions of over 1000 individuals to ten British charities. It was found that although richer people gave more money in absolute terms, this comprised a smaller proportion of their overall income than was the case for the poor: in other words, the lower a person’s income, the more of their earnings they donated to charity. For example, those with an annual income of under £5000 gave away an average of 4.5% in donations, whereas for those with salaries of over £40,000, the figure was only 2%. The journalist Lucy Ward suggests that this challenges the assumption most of us hold that charities redistribute income from the rich to the poor: instead it would seems that charitable organizations rely upon those in relative poverty to support the most needy. Furthermore, there is a gender difference insofar as women are more likely to give to charity in general, but when men do contribute, they donate a higher proportion of their income. People born after 1950 were also found to be less generous in their donations than those born during or before World War II, which reveals an interesting shift in values between generations.
Questions:
Why do you think people with less money would give more of it away to charity than those who have more?
A reason could be that people with less money can relate with the situation and need of the needy. They know how needy people live and run their households and the problems they face in their daily life’s. On the other hand, rich people can’t relate to the situation of needy one because they don’t face issue what a needy phase so they give donation when they like and people with less money give charity more frequently.
What do the findings suggest about the way people in different social classes spend their disposable income?
According to my finding rich people spend small portion of their disposable income in charity and donation on the other hand people with middle class greatly spend a good proportion of disposable income in helping people in need. Rich people either spend most of their disposable income in maintaining their life style or improving their living standard and middle class use their money in running their house hold and maintain them and them to fall under poverty line. Most of the people think that charity is the process of redistributing the wealth from rich to poor. Because of charity society can improve the life style of needy and they can fulfill their necessities.
Do you think that these poor people who gave generously were in absolute or relative poverty?
Yes, I think so these these poor people who gave generously are in near too poverty line and they know the situation what people below the poverty line phases. They spend their money to prevent them falling under that poverty line and also give charity to the needy so they can run their households. A person can only help other when he himself is in better position then the one whom he is going to help.
4. How might we explain the gendered patterns of donating behavior?
By studying case study, we got to know that women are the most frequent one in giving charity as compared to men. But if we talk about the portion of money they give in charity so in that case men give large number of amounts as compared to women because they have good savings and they spend less in their daily routine. If we talk about the caring and generous personality so women heart is more generous and care taking, they are more emotional than man so when ever they see anyone in trouble or a needy so, their heart convinces them to help them. Men are generous and care taking too but they are less emotional and they are more practical as compared to women. If we talk about the pattern of donating so to summaries women are more frequent than men but if we talk about the amount both genders donate so in that case men donation amount total will surpass women donation.
BF Skinner and his associates proposes reinforcement theory of motivation. It states that individual’s behavior may be a function of its consequences. It is law of effect. A person’s behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated, but individual’s behavior with negative consequences tends to not be repeated. In simple words when a manager gives rewards to his employees for doing job up to his expectations so in that case after receiving rewards employees get highly motivated and it leads to greater outputs in futures too.
It overlooks internal state of person who is that the inner feelings and drives of people are ignored. It only focuses on what happens to an individual when some action is taken. According to Skinner, the external environment of the organization must be designed effectively and positively so on motivate the worker. This theory may be a strong tool for analyzing controlling mechanism for individual’s behavior. However, it doesn’t specialize in the causes of individual’s behavior.
Managers use following methods to control the behavior of employees:
Positive Reinforcement- It comes under driving force. Giving a positive response when a person shows positive and required behavior. For example – Immediately praising an employee for completing his assigned task before time, doing well sales or doing anything positive or good. This will increase possibility of outstanding behavior occurring again and again to get positive response from manager. Reward is a positive reinforce, but not necessarily. If and as long as the employees’ behavior improves, reward can said to be a positive reinforcing stimulus. Positive reinforcement stimulates occurrence of a behavior. It must be noted that more spontaneous is that the giving of reward, the greater reinforcement value it’s. Another example could be a parent gifting a car to his son or daughter for getting high rank job or achieving remarkable grades in final year paper. Some other examples at work place could be giving positive and healthy feedback for quality of job done, by giving good number of opportunities, respect the opinion, giving incentives on achieving given goals, awarding with bonus, Giving car to high level managers to motivate them and it will also help in creating a competition environment in firm so then employees will put more efforts in work because everybody needs rewards.
Negative Reinforcement- It comes under driving force. IT suggests rewarding an employee by removing negative / undesirable consequences. Both positive and negative reinforcement are often used for increasing desirable / required behavior. It is also a driving force in eyes of employee it also gives sense of motivation according to theory perspective. Motivated employee is a bonus for manager and firm both. Some examples can be removing weekly meetings, reduce random testing of work. In this case we can say it can be used to reduce tension on employees if they do good work for suppose manager gave a particular task to an employee and he successfully do that so manager will reduce tension from his end so in near future an employee needs any relaxation so he will follow same footsteps.
Punishment- It comes under restraining force. It implies removing positive consequences so on lower the probability of repeating undesirable behavior in future. In other words, punishment means applying undesirable consequence for showing undesirable behavior. For instance – Suspending an employee for breaking the organizational rules. Punishment are often equalized by positive reinforcement from alternative source. It spread de motivation in employees because he is getting punished and no body likes to be punished even if he is wrong, he expects another chance without being punished. For example, accountant was expected to submit reports by Saturday but he failed to do so and his manger scolds him and cuts his incentives or bonus, another example could be an employee who always comes late to office even after several warnings so HR manager deducts some part of his salary. Although manager is doing what he is expected to do and that’s right too but still it will give de motivation vibes to employee.
Extinction- It comes under restraining force. It implies absence of reinforcements. In other words, extinction implies lowering the probability of undesired behavior by removing reward for that sort of behavior. For instance – if an employee not receives praise and admiration for his good work, he may feel that his behavior is generating no fruitful consequence. Extinction may unintentionally lower desirable behavior.
Example:
A local company recently implemented a replacement strategy to switch their issues with employee engagement and absenteeism. The new program’s goal was to resolve both issues. The company brief the program, which allowed employees to earn a star for weekly perfect attendance and community service. There would even be a star for the whole department whenever they reached their weekly production goals. At the top of every quarter, the workers with the foremost stars were ready to compete for a present card. Some competitions were cricket, volleyball, Table Tennis. However, if an employee receive any disciplinary strike during the particular time period, they were not eligible to participate in the program.
Within the primary year of the program’s implementation, the absenteeism was substantially reduced and therefore the employees began to use gathering stars as a contest. Some employees were beginning to encourage one another to volunteer so as to urge more stars. This meant that everybody was following the principles that were implemented and positively achieving goals within the corporate so as to receive more stars. Managers constantly praised their employees and their employee turnover was nearly zero. It is now their third year with this program and that they have said it’s even as effective now as it was once in starting years.
On the other hand, if we consider this theory on us it works in a same manner. My parents always appreciate me whenever I score good or do any work which can bring some good to our society or family which is basically positive reinforcement. Whenever I feel too much tension and pressure and I consult it with my father like previously I was having tough time so after discussing my father reduced office work for me and extended my work deadlines so I consider that as negative reinforcement. If I talk about the punishment that is very common whenever I do something which is not good in my parents view I have to face some sort of punishments like they restrict me from going out for some time or they take car keys away from me. Whenever I am unable to complete my office task my father reduce my benefits which he usually gives me in form of relaxation or money so this is what I consider as Extinctions.
Islam flourished far and wide after people accepted the message of Prophet’s (SAW) in quite speed. Muslims were quite keen in learning different knowledge from different fields. Holy Prophet (S.A.W) established first madrassa in Madinah were people come and gain knowledge. The same practice was carried out were Muslim lay their governance. Bagdad became the main center of knowledge not only Muslims but Jews, Christians and people from different religion come and obtain knowledge. It was full of wise people; here new discoveries were made and inventions were done. Medical knowledge also prospers and first ever hospital was formed were sick people were quarantined and dealt with special care. Architecture was prospering Muslims were making forts, masjids, converting churches and other gigantic buildings into masjid and madrasas so that people can gain knowledge. Irrigation systems were also invented and improved. Muslims were the first one to think about it how they can make proper system to bring water from mountains to the area were people are living. In very short time Muslim empire grew and all other empires became weak Infront of Muslim empires like byzantine empire. Muslims gain knowledge in chemistry, Maths, Physics. Muslims were prospering and spreading knowledge of wisdoms to other humans. Muslims prosper in battle techniques which was also the major reason they were able to expand their controlled area. Muslims learn trade and open the boundaries which were closed for several years. Where ever Muslims goes they live with peace and harmony but later things started getting out of hands conflicts starts between people of different religion. Islam flourished and serve in its golden age which was from 8th century to 13th century.
As we are going to talk about the most influential personality of all time, he is non other than Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W). Not only Muslims consider Him as most influential personality but across the globe people accept that. He deserves this status because of several reason like His hospitality, rules, nature, kind heart, kind actions towards His followers and enemies too etc. He was completely successful in religious and secular levels. He is the most successful leader with great achievements. He is the chosen one by Allah and he is the last messenger of Allah, He is also leader of prophets so this also show how great and influential personality He is. His influence is so immense that after more than fourteen hundred years people are following His footsteps and religion which was reveled on Him and He preach that religion in such a way that His followers increased immensely than and now too. He is the reason to bring humanity back in to this world. Society was literally in worst condition before arrival of Holy Prophet (S.A.W). Holy Prophet (S.A.W) is the last messenger of Allah and religion was spread by him by guidance of Allah. He started his career as merchant. At the age of 40 Allah sent first revelation to him.
Childhood:
Holy prophet was born around 570 AD in Makkah. His father name was Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib and His mother name was bibi Amina bint Wahab. His father died before he was born. He belonged to a respectable family of the Quraysh tribe. The family was active in politics and trade. He was sent to live with a Bedouin family in village , to become healthier and learn multiple skills. He stayed with his foster mother, Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb until he was two years old. When He was six years old He lost his mother, Amina, to illness and was raised by his paternal grandfather, Abdul-Muttalib, until he died when He was eight. Then His uncle Abu Talib take care of Him.
Adulthood:
Muhammad (P.B.U.H) accompanied his uncle on trading journeys to Syria, for experience in trade. Muhammad (P..B.U.H) was either nine or twelve, when he was traveling with caravan to Syria he met a Christian monk named Bahira, who is said to have foreseen Muhammed’s career as a prophet of God. It is known that he became a merchant and “was involved in trade between the Indian ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.” Due to his upright character during this time, he acquired the nickname “al-Amin,” meaning “faithful, trustworthy,” and “al-Sadiq,” meaning “truthful.”
Wives:
He was a merchant and Hazrat Khadija heard good things about him so she offered to work for her and he agreed to do so. He went for his project as merchant and return with good profit along with that hazrat Khadija’s servant who went with Holy prophet on business trip tell good things about his nature that how truthful and trustworthy he is. She was quite impressed and send marriage proposal to Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) when he was just 25 years. After discussing with his uncle, he accepted the proposal and they got happily married. Their marriage lasted for almost 25 years. Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) loved her soo much that he never thought about another women.
Holy prophet had 7 children and six of them were from Hazrat Khadija:
Holy prophet was meditating in the cave of Hira, the Angel Jibrael came to Him and commanded to read. This was repeated once more after which the angel recited the following verses of Surah Alaq. “Read in the name of your Lord who created. Created man from a clot of blood. Read your Lord is most generous / bountiful. He who taught man with the pen. Taught man what he did not know.” These verses were printed on prophets heart and mind.
Prophet (P.B.U.H) came out of the cave. He saw the angel filling the horizon and then he heard a voice. “O Muhammad You are the messenger of Allah and I am Jibrael”
The prophet (P.B.U.H) ran to his house and asked Hazrat Khadija to cover him up in a blanket.
He then narrated the entire incident to her.
On hearing the entire incident Hazrat Khadija comforted him by saying
“You have never done any wrong to anyone. You are kind to others and help the poor Allah will not let you down.”
Hazrat Khadija then later took him to her cousin Warqah Bin Naufil. Warqah confirmed the prophet hood of the prophet and said that he had been visited by the same angel who had visited other prophets. He also forewarned that the prophet will be expelled from his own city by his own people.
First people to accept Islam were:
His wife – khadija (first person also first woman to accept Islam)
His cousin – Ali (youngest person as he accepted Islam at the age of 10.)
His friend – Abu Bakr (first free male to accept Islam)
His slave – Zayd Bin Haritha (first slave to accept Islam)
Announcement of Prophet hood:
Holy prophet (P.B.U.H) gather all citizens near hill of safa and ask if I tell you that enemies are on the opposite side of hill to attack on us, will you believe me. Every one considers him as truthful and trustworthy so they said we will believe you. Then he announced about his prophet-hood with the command of Allah before that he used to preach in private manner to his close relatives. Most of them ignore his message and start making jokes and abuse him.
Event of Taif:
After getting rejected he plan to go taif to preach Islam but they also show very bad attitude towards him and abuse him. Leaders of taif sent young boys after prophet p.b.u.h to attack and make him injured. He was so injured that and in pain that angels appeared and ask prophet if you tell us we will crush all people of taif between mountains but in response Holy prophet make a dua for them that hope that soon their children will be follower of Islam. Which shows his mercy and kindness towards which is key factor which bring people towards Islam and prove we can see from these charts of today’s world.
Size of Major Religious Groups, 2010:
Religion
Percentage of total population
Christianity
31.5%
Islam
23.2%
Unaffiliated
16.3%
Hinduism
15.0%
Buddhism
7.1%
Folk Religions
5.9%
Other Religions
1.0%
Growing period of Islam:
Muslims Emigrate to Medina:
In 622, Muhammad and his few hundred followers left Mecca and traveled to Yathrib, the oasis town where his father was buried. The leaders there were suffering through a vicious civil war, and they had invited this man well known for his wisdom to act as their mediator. Yathrib soon became known as Medina, the City of the Prophet. Muhammad remained here for the next six years, building the first Muslim community and gradually gathering more and more people to his side.
The Military Period:
The Meccans did not take Muhammad’s new success lightly. Early skirmishes led to three major battles in the next three years. Of these the Muslims won the first (the Battle of Badr, March, 624), lost the second (the Battle of Uhud, March, 625), and outlasted the third, (The Battle of the Trench and the Siege of Medina, April, 627). In March, 628, a treaty was signed between the two sides, which recognized the Muslims as a new force in Arabia and gave them freedom to move unmolested throughout Arabia. Meccan allies breached the treaty a year later.
The Conquest of Mecca:
By now, the balance of power had shifted radically away from once-powerful Mecca, toward Muhammad and the Muslims. In January, 630, they marched on Mecca and were joined by tribe after tribe along the way. They entered Mecca without bloodshed and the Meccans, seeing the tide had turned, joined them.
Muhammad’s Final Years:
Muhammad returned to live in Medina. In the next three years, he consolidated most of the Arabian Peninsula under Islam. In March, 632, he returned to Mecca one last time to perform a pilgrimage, and tens of thousands of Muslims joined him. After the pilgrimage, he returned to Medina. Three months later on June 8, 632 he died there, after a brief illness. He is buried in Masjid e Nabvi in Medina. Within a hundred years Muhammad’s teaching and way of life had spread from the remote corners of Arabia as far east as Indo-China and as far west as Morocco, France and Spain.
Although aviation industry has a small share in Total GDP in a direct manner. But it is linked to the activities which put great impact on Global GDP like airports, aircraft manufacturing and industries related to them. Aviation industry is key player of many other economic activities. The massive drop in passengers traveling due to various reasons like many countries were not allowing visitors to come in their countries due to worst pandemic situation. Due to this situation many staff get unemployed whether we look at high level or the low-level ones. Government tries to sustain their national carrier firms by injecting additional funds and giving subsidiaries.
Comparison with Pharmaceutical industry
Where all the other companies and institution have suffered loses, all the companies have gone into defect. But the pharmaceutical companies have benefited from this global epidemic. Because it has increased the purchase of medicine and other such items. Because when this global epidemic came the whole world had a shortage of medicine. But when the epidemic begins to spread rapidly and people begin to be affected, the pharmaceutical company accelerated its pace in making the medicine. At that time there was a shortage of ventilator, so many countries started making ventilators and sent them to other countries and in return they earned a lot of money. They also provided masks and similar medicines to other countries.And the countries had the power to make these things stepped up their work . similarly if you look at China it was the first to overcome the epidemic because it had all the facilities. And they started giving masks and ventilator to other country as well. This increased their income. In this way China provided medicines, masks and ventilator to Pakistan and other countries, and this boosted their economy. And China is also playing a key role in developing the coronavirus vaccine.
Lighter Sight on the Pandemic
When the global coronavirus begins to spread it also affected aviation and lowered income. When the flights stopped it also increased an unemployment. and it also increased the anxiety of the people because they could not reach their place of work. And when the number of passengers decreased it increased the fares. COVID-19 is a global epidemic that is transmitted from one person to another and it can be said that it can go from one country to another.
If the number of flights is reduced it will eventually reduce air pollution. If the elevation was photographed during the lock down it was showing complete cleanliness. Due to the reduction in flights the financial system is increasing day by day. It’s getting better because it doesn’t burn fuel in the air. And it is reducing environmental pollution a little bit. People who live near airports or affected by the noise of airplanes. When flights were closed the need for fuel was reduced.
Conclusion
In the end I would like to suggest few points which should be taken into consideration:
Wash hands regularly
Maintain distance at least 1 meter
Avoid touching surface out side home
Use masks and other protective face shields
Rest more if feeling any covid 19 symptoms
Boost Immune system
Do regular exercised
Avoid every sort of gathering
If we talk specifically about aviation industry that what steps can be taken into consideration:
COVID-19 test should be done 24 hrs. before traveling
Social distancing in flights
Mask and other face shields must be compulsory
Box Food with disposable cutlery
Government should give subsidiaries to airlines
Direct flights with no transit stop
Low counter interaction like E booking, E visa, E boarding
Only one person should be allowed to come on airport to receive or see off the passenger
Air crew should be in PPE suits
Ground Staff / Airport staff should be in PPE suits
Domestic tourism should be open on low level so that airlines can sustain
Cheap ticket rates
Cheap visas
Easy loans
Leniency on loans policies
As Vaccine is here so we are hoping that soon this virus will come in control and we can come back to normal life. We accept that current situation is not good and this virus is quite deadly and have major negative impact on every sector like aviation, health, education, pharmaceuticals etc. But it is also not possible and sensible that we will shut everything down like in first wave. If suggestions which are provided are followed properly so we will be able to survive this pandemic situation and world economy will be able to overcome the negative phase which we are going through. It’s a hard time for every one because unemployment rate is on highest level and depression is increasing everyday but everyone hopes that soon everything will be great soon.
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